10,381 research outputs found
RNA Synthesis in the Tracheal Epithelial Cells of Aging Mice as Revealed by Electron Microscopic Radioautography
For the purpose of studying the aging changes of macromolecular synthesis in the tracheal epithelial cells of experimental animals, we studied 10 groups of aging mice during development and aging from fetal day 19 to postnatal month 24. They were injected with 3H-uridine, a precursor for RNA synthesis, sacrificed and the tracheal tissues were taken out, fixed and processed for light and electron microscopic radioautography. On many radioautograms the localization of silver grains demonstrating RNA synthesis in tracheal epithelial cells in respective aging groups were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The number of mitochondria per cell, the number of labeled mitochondria with silver grains and the number of silver grains in each cell in respective aging groups were analyzed quantitatively in relation to the aging of animals. The results revealed that the RNA synthetic activity as expressed by the incorporations of RNA precursor, i.e., the number of silver grains in cell nuclei, cell organelles, changed due to the aging of animals. The number of mitochondria, the number of labeled mitochondria and the mitochondrial labeling index labeled with silver grains were counted in each tracheal epithelial cell. It was demonstrated that the number of mitochondria increased from embryonic day 19 to postnatal newborn day 1, 3, 9, 14, adult month 1, 2, reaching the maximum and kept plateau, while the number of labeled mitochondria increased from embryonic day 19 to postnatal adult month 2, reaching the maximum but the labeling indices showing RNA synthesis increased from embryonic day 19 to postnatal newborn day 14 and adult month 1 and decreased to year 2, indicating the aging changes. Based upon our findings, available literature on macromolecular synthesis in mitochondria of various cells are reviewed
Classification of local realistic theories
Recently, it has shown that an explicit local realistic model for the values
of a correlation function, given in a two-setting Bell experiment (two-setting
model), works only for the specific set of settings in the given experiment,
but cannot construct a local realistic model for the values of a correlation
function, given in a {\it continuous-infinite} settings Bell experiment
(infinite-setting model), even though there exist two-setting models for all
directions in space. Hence, two-setting model does not have the property which
infinite-setting model has. Here, we show that an explicit two-setting model
cannot construct a local realistic model for the values of a correlation
function, given in a {\it only discrete-three} settings Bell experiment
(three-setting model), even though there exist two-setting models for the three
measurement directions chosen in the given three-setting experiment. Hence,
two-setting model does not have the property which three-setting model has.Comment: To appear in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretica
Visualizing the geometry of state space in plane Couette flow
Motivated by recent experimental and numerical studies of coherent structures
in wall-bounded shear flows, we initiate a systematic exploration of the
hierarchy of unstable invariant solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. We
construct a dynamical, 10^5-dimensional state-space representation of plane
Couette flow at Re = 400 in a small, periodic cell and offer a new method of
visualizing invariant manifolds embedded in such high dimensions. We compute a
new equilibrium solution of plane Couette flow and the leading eigenvalues and
eigenfunctions of known equilibria at this Reynolds number and cell size. What
emerges from global continuations of their unstable manifolds is a surprisingly
elegant dynamical-systems visualization of moderate-Reynolds turbulence. The
invariant manifolds tessellate the region of state space explored by
transiently turbulent dynamics with a rigid web of continuous and discrete
symmetry-induced heteroclinic connections.Comment: 32 pages, 13 figures submitted to Journal of Fluid Mechanic
Kochen-Specker theorem as a precondition for secure quantum key distribution
We show that (1) the violation of the Ekert 91 inequality is a sufficient
condition for certification of the Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem, and (2) the
violation of the Bennett-Brassard-Mermin 92 (BBM) inequality is, also, a
sufficient condition for certification of the KS theorem. Therefore the success
in each QKD protocol reveals the nonclassical feature of quantum theory, in the
sense that the KS realism is violated. Further, it turned out that the Ekert
inequality and the BBM inequality are depictured by distillable entanglement
witness inequalities. Here, we connect the success in these two key
distribution processes into the no-hidden-variables theorem and into witness on
distillable entanglement. We also discuss the explicit difference between the
KS realism and Bell's local realism in the Hilbert space formalism of quantum
theory.Comment: 4 pages, To appear in Phys. Rev.
Comment on ``All quantum observables in a hidden-variable model must commute simultaneously"
Malley discussed {[Phys. Rev. A {\bf 69}, 022118 (2004)]} that all quantum
observables in a hidden-variable model for quantum events must commute
simultaneously. In this comment, we discuss that Malley's theorem is indeed
valid for the hidden-variable theoretical assumptions, which were introduced by
Kochen and Specker. However, we give an example that the local hidden-variable
(LHV) model for quantum events preserves noncommutativity of quantum
observables. It turns out that Malley's theorem is not related with the LHV
model for quantum events, in general.Comment: 3 page
Addendum to "Sufficient conditions for three-particle entanglement and their tests in recent experiments"
A recent paper [M. Seevinck and J. Uffink, Phys. Rev. A 65, 012107 (2002)]
presented a bound for the three-qubit Mermin inequality such that the violation
of this bound indicates genuine three-qubit entanglement. We show that this
bound can be improved for a specific choice of observables. In particular, if
spin observables corresponding to orthogonal directions are measured at the
qubits (e.g., X and Y spin coordinates) then the bound is the same as the bound
for states with a local hidden variable model. As a consequence, it can
straightforwardly be shown that in the experiment described by J.-W. Pan et al.
[Nature 403, 515 (2000)] genuine three-qubit entanglement was detected.Comment: Two pages, no figures, revtex4; minor changes before publicatio
The Two-Boson-Exchange Correction to Parity-Violating Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
We calculate the two-boson-exchange (TBE) corrections to the parity-violating
asymmetry of the elastic electron-proton scattering in a simple hadronic model
including the nucleon and the intermediate states. We find that
contribution is, in general, comparable with the
nucleon contribution and the current experimental measurements of
strange-quark effects in the proton neutral weak current. The total TBE
corrections to the current extracted values of
in recent experiments are found to lie in the
range of .Comment: 3 pages, 2 figs, 1 table, talk given at International Conference of
Particle and Nuclei (PANIC08) Eilat, Israel, 9-14 Nov,200
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